摘要

雪覆盖层是一类特殊而又十分重要的下垫面。积雪的物理特性和融雪量的预测对军事、交通、水文、气象、环境监测及遥感等领域都具有重要作用。雪面大气的微气象特征与雪层的物理特性及其能量水分输送特征是陆面过程研究中的一个难题。包括积雪在内的陆面过程的研究的基础支撑之一是外场观测试验，但是由于实验条件和环境的限制，我国现在还没有很好的积雪融雪过程的观测资料。本项目将设计较为完善的积雪陆面过程观测实验方案，依托甘南玛曲和青海玛多观测站，对雪面的近地层大气、雪层、土壤在积雪和融雪状态下的各物理量进行观测。利用观测资料深入分析陆面过程在积雪和融雪状况下的微气象特征和能量水分的输送特征以及雪层、土壤的物理特性，综合分析各物理要素之间的内在联系和规律，建立积雪数据库，对于发展和检验适用于我国的积雪融雪陆面模式、提高数值模式在积雪方面的模拟以及大气遥感能力是至关重要的。

英文摘要

The snow cover is a special and very important land surface.The physical properties of accumulated snow and the prediction of snowmelt play an important role in military, traffic, hydrological, meteorological, environment monitoring and remote sensing fields. In the study of land surface process, it is difficult to find out the micrometeorological characteristics of atmosphere on the snow surface, the physical properties of snow layer and the transmission characteristics of energy and water. At present, the study of land surface process including accumulated snow mainly depends on the results of external observation test. However, China lacks the favorable observational data for the process of snow accumulation and melt now due to the limited conditions and surroundings of experiments. The project prepares to design a complete experiment scheme for observing the land surface process of snow accumulation. By depending on the observation stations in Maqu, and Maduo, it will observe the physical quantities of surface layer atmosphere, snow layer and soil in the states of accumulated snow and snowmelt. The observational data will be employed to further analyze the micrometeorological characteristics of land surface process, the transmission characteristics of energy and water and the physical properties of snow lay