摘要

本研究拟在青藏高原中部那曲地区（平均海拔4500米）开展夏季野外观测实验，以那曲高寒气候环境观测研究站为中心，建立基于闪电快、慢电场变化仪、大气平均电场探测仪等为主的4-5站雷暴电场和闪电高精度GPS时间同步的探测网络，与车载3cm波段双线偏振多普勒雷达同步对高原雷暴及其闪电进行探测。分析雷暴初始闪电发生前后的雷暴环境参数（云底和云顶高度、强回波高度、雷达反射率、上升气流及软雹量等）及其变化特征，探究影响闪电始发的雷暴参数及其物理机制。研究雷暴电荷结构、动力场与微物理场演变对地闪频数和极性影响，探索其物理机制，分析地闪与气象要素（温、湿度）和陆面参数（土壤温、湿度）的相关性，分析地闪活动与降雹和降雨突增过程的相关性。研究高原雷暴总闪电时空分布特征、闪电频数变化和云地闪比例等，重点研究总闪电与雷暴类型及其演变的相互关系，定量分析总闪电与上升气流、雷达反射率垂直递减率、软雹数量等之间的关系。

英文摘要

The observations research will focus in thunderstorm and lightning flashes in Naqu on middle Tibetan plateau (4500 m asl). The detection network will be composed of 4-5 stations that based of center station (Naqu high and cold environmental observation station). The main instruments in all station were electric field meters, the fast and slow antennas,high time resolution GPS synchronization system and so on. During experiments, mobile dual-polarization radar will be used to detect dynamic and microphysical parameters of thunderstorms. The storm environmental parameters such as cloud base height, cloud top height, strength echo height, radar reflectivity, updraft and graupel volume will be analyzed to research relationships between this parameters and the initial lightning. The influence of thunderstorm charge structure, microphysical and kinematic evolution on cloud-to-ground (CG) lightning (frequency and polarity) will be discussed finely. The relationships between atmospheric conditions (temperature and humidity), land surface parameters (soil temperature and humidity) and CG lightning characteristics will be analyzed and the mechanism will be discussed. The correlation between CG lightning characteristics and strong hail and rain processes during thunderstorms evolution will be analyzed in detail. The tempor